Matter

INDEX:
0. INTRODUCTION: Material properties:
 * * The three states of the matter
 * What is matter?
 * Physical changes
 * Chemical changes
 * Let´s investigate a chemical change
 * Mixtures
 * Mass and volume
 * The three Rs
 * A science investigation report
 * Vocabulary and expressions || [[image:http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/matter_intro_2_240.gif width="240" height="240"]] ||

 Materials have different properties that make them useful for different jobs. Here are some properties that materials have.

Transparent or opaque
Transparent materials do let light through (you can see through them). Opaque materials do not let any light through (you cannot see through them). 

Waterproof
Waterproof materials do not let water through and do not soak up water. 

Absorbant
Absorbent materials soak up water and let water pass through them. 

Strong or weak
Strong materials are very difficult to break. Weak materials break easily. 

Flexible
Flexible materials are easy to bend. <span class="img226" style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Rigid
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Rigid materials are difficult to bend. <span class="img246" style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Hard
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Hard materials are difficult to scratch. <span class="img226" style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Magnetic
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Magnetic materials are attracted to magnets. <span class="img226" style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Conductors
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Some materials are good conductors of **heat**. This means heat can travel through them easily.

<span style="color: #444444; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Some materials are good conductors of **electricity**. This means electricity can travel through them easily. <span class="img226" style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">


 * Is it waterproof ? CHECK


 * 1. The three states of the matter **

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 * There are three main states of matter. They are SOLID, LIQUID, and GAS . Each of these states is also known as a phase. Each state has different properties. The state that matter is in depends on how much energy atoms have. ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">SOLID

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1em;"> Solids have three main properties: # It has a definite shape.
 * 1) It has a definite mass.
 * 2) It has a definite volume.

This means that a solid will always look the same, take up the same amount of space, and have the same amout of molecules in it.
To view an example of this, click on this Flash animation which shows the structure of ice crystals.

||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1em;">[[image:http://idahoptv.org/dialogue4kids/season7/matter/images/beakerssm.gif width="100" height="126" align="right" caption="Liquids"]]

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">LIQUID

Liquids have three main properties: ==== This means that liquids will always take up the same amount of space and have the same amount of molecules in it. However, because it does not have a definite shape, it takes the shape of its container. ====
 * 1) It does not have a definite shape.
 * 2) It has a definite mass.
 * 3) It has a definite volume.



In this Flash animation you'll see that liquid has particles that move past each other. ||
 * [[image:http://idahoptv.org/dialogue4kids/season7/matter/images/steampot.gif width="80" height="82" align="right" caption="Gas"]]

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">GAS

Gases have three main properties: ==== This means that a gas does not always take up the same amount of space, nor does it weigh the same all the time. Like liquids, gases take the shape of their containers. However, they will fill the space they are given. That is why they don't always take up the same amount of space!! ====
 * 1) It does not have a definite shape.
 * 2) It does not have a definite mass.
 * 3) It does not have a definite volume



In this Flash animation you'll see that a gas can really spread out. ||

Summarizing: **Ice** is a solid. A solid has a definite form and a definite volume **Water vapour** doesn´t have a definite form or a definite volume. ||
 * **Water** is a liquid. Liquid doesn´t have a definite form but have a definite volume

CHANGES OF STATE IN WATER:








 * 2. What is matter? **

media type="custom" key="24780594" <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Matter is all around you. Your computer is matter. Air is matter. Water is matter. You are matter. In fact, you are made of the 3 major states of matter; **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff6600; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">solid, liquid and gas **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">.

=** Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. **=

When two or more atoms joint together they form a molecule
 * **__ ELEMENT __** || __ **ATOM** __ || __ COMPOUND __ || __ MIXTURE __ ||
 * - a substance that cannot be separated into a simpler substance. Elements are made of [|atoms]. || - the smallest particle of an element that has the [|properties] of that element. || - a substance made of 2 or more elements that are chemically joined. || - 2 or more substances that are mixed but not chemically joined. ||
 * [[image:http://idahoptv.org/dialogue4kids/season7/matter/images/goldringsm.gif align="left" caption="Gold Ring"]]Examples: Gold, Copper, Silver || Examples: salt, water, sugar || Example: fruit salad ||

The molecules are very close together || WATER is an example of LIQUID. The molecules are not so close together and can move more than they do in a solid. || WATER VAPOR is an example of GAS. The molecules of gases can move freely. || || ||
 * ICE is an example of SOLID.
 * [[image:https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTkQQGkJheYPAFf6jm6w0Ur6TdVpemihGYUVGzlv9l-kjIMNJAY width="209" height="196"]] || [[image:http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ_uD-Lue6iCkMf1xGMJuTcZr-97damFrVWPbt7V4qXLFzjSYNNhw width="150" height="214"]]

CHECK YOURSELF HOW THEY CAN MOVE: [|Solid-Liquid-Gas Comparison]


 * 3. Physical changes **

The appearence of the matter changes, but the substance ( chemical properties) remains. Examples of physical changes: - We make an origami with a piece of paper: We change the shape, but not the substance of the paper. - When we break a vase, that´s only a physical change.



LOOK AT THAT GLOGSTER comparing physical and chemical changes:
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 * 4. Chemical changes **

When a chemical change a new substance is produced and this new substance has different properties from the original. Examples of chemical changes: - ** COMBUSTION ** : When we burnt WOOD: atoms in the wood react with the oxygen atoms in the air and they are transformed into __ ash __ and __ smoke __.

- ** OXIDATION ** : Atoms in iron react with the oxygen in the air and change into __ rust. __

- ** PUTREFACTION ** : When organic matter decomposes.

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 * DEMONSTRATION OF A CHEMICAL REACTION: **


 * ACTIVITIES: **

1. COMPLETE: 2. QUIZ

3. REVISION: [|THE PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES]

4. MORE EXPERIMENTS

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 * 5. Let´s investigate a chemical change **

1. ACID REACTS WITH OTHER MATERIALS:

2. HOW TO MAKE AN ICECREAM:




 * 6. Mixtures **






 * SEPARATING MIXTURES: **

<span style="color: #000066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">media type="file" key="unit_5_Simulation_1.swf" width="858" height="858"

<span style="color: #000066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">Four ways to separating a mixture <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> 1. Using a sieve <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">A sieve is used to separate small solid particles from larger ones. The mixture is placed in the sieve which is then shaken from side to side. The sand particles are much smaller than the gravel so fall though the holes in the sieve. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Using a sieve to separate sand from pebbles.
 * [[image:http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/images/sieve.gif width="300" height="200"]] || Example: using a sieve to sparate gravel (small pebbles) from sand A sieve is a shallow tray with holes in.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2. Using a magnet <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Separates **magnetic** substances (eg substances containing **iron**) from non-magnetic substances. **Picture 1**: we have a mixture of iron filings and sand on a piece of paper **Picture 2**: When a magnet is slowly pulled away from the mixture the iron sticks to the magnet leaving the sand behind || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Using a magnet to separate iron filings from sand
 * [[image:http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/images/magnet.gif width="324" height="187"]] || **Example: separating iron filings from sand**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 3. Filtering <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Filtering is used to separate small solid particles from a liquid The dirty water is poured through a piece of filter paper. Water particles pass through the tiny holes in the filter paper. The particles of dirt, which are larger than the particles of water, get stuck in the holes and do not get through. When the process is finished the dirt is trapped in the filter paper and the clear water has dripped through into the beaker below. Any liquid that has been filtered is known as a filtrate || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Using filter paper to remove dirt from water
 * [[image:http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/images/filter1.gif width="320" height="291"]] || Example: Separating dirt from water by filtering

<span style="color: #000099; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">. **4. Evaporation** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Evaporation is used when we want to get back a substance that has been dissolved It is left in a warm place and the water evaporates leaving behind the salt crystals. We see the salt crystals starting to form at the edge of the salty water but eventually all the water would go, leaving behind just the salt. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Evaporating water from salty water to get the salt
 * [[image:http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/images/evaporation.gif width="259" height="154"]] || Example: Getting salt out of salty water The salty water is put into an evaporating basin (or any shallow dish such as a saucer).


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">COMPOUNDS and MIXTURES: A GREAT WEB FROM THE BBC (have a look at it) **


 * 7. Mass and volume **

2. HOW TO MEASURE MASS AND VOLUMEN OF A SOLID AND A LIQUID

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DENSITY: media type="custom" key="24780992"

QUIZLET: MATTER


 * 8. The three Rs **

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 * KIDS BE GREEN
 * Ecokids

Design an useful object using recycled material
 * 9. A science investigation report **


 * 10. Vocabulary and expressions **

**__ LINGUISTIC CONTENT __**

§ Topics:The three states of matter; What is matter?; What is a physical change?; What is a chemical change?; Chemical change; Mixtures; Mass and volume

Composition of matter:particles, atoms, molecules, mass, volume, space, element, compound, organisation, arrangement, mixtures, pure substances, heterogeneous, homogeneous

States of matter and their properties:solid, liquid, gas, definite / indefinite form/ volume, shape, ice, water vapour, expand, compress, heats up, cools down

Physical and chemical changes:freezing, boiling, evaporating, melting, condensing, appearance, chemical properties, reversible, irreversible, temperature, solidification, reacts, wood, burn, air, ash, smoke, combustion, metals, iron, rust, oxidation, artificial, plastic, petroleum, acids

Mixture separation:filtration, evaporation, magnetic separation, crystallize

Mass and volume measurements:kilograms (kg), millilitres (ml), litres (l), grams per millilitre (g / ml)

Rubbish: recycle, reduce, reuse, packaging, waste, bin, throw away, biodegradable, non-biodegradable, compost, environment, plastic bags, burnt, buried


 * Key structures:

Comparatives:A book has more mass than a rubber.

Polite discussion:I’m not sure. I don’t think...

REVISION SUMMARY: media type="file" key="matter_summary.swf" width="872" height="872"

A little help in Spanish: media type="custom" key="24785662"